builtins

data = [1, 2, 3]
print(all(data))

data = [1, 0, 3]
print(all(data))

data = [1, 0, 3]
print(any(data))

data = [0, 0, 0]
print(any(data))

print("====================")

# check all positive
if all(x > 0 for x in data):
    print("all positive")

# check exist empty str
if any(s == "" for s in ["hello world", ""]):
    print("has empty str")

print("====================")

# return str: 0b111
print(bin(7))
print(oct(7))

print("====================")

x = {}
b = b"hello"
x[b] = 1

try:
    b[0] = 72
except Exception as e:
    print(e)

ba = bytearray(b"hello")
ba[0] = 72
ba.append(33)
print(ba)

try:
    x[ba] = 2
except Exception as e:
    print(e)

print("====================")

print(callable(len))
print(callable(42))

print("====================")
# turn int to char
print(chr(65))
print(chr(128512))

# turn char to int
print(ord("A"))
print(ord("😀"))

print("====================")


class Hello:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    @classmethod
    def create(cls, name):
        return cls(name)

    def print(self):
        print(self.name)


h = Hello.create("wqa")
h.print()

print("====================")
print(divmod(10, 3))

print("====================")
for idx, val in enumerate(["a", "b", "c"], start=1):
    print(idx, val)

print("====================")
# 和列表推到的区别是
# - list一次性, filter是惰性，需要使用list()才能获取到完整
# - 因此filter占用内存较少
nums = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
evens = list(filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, nums))
print(evens)

print("====================")
x = 10
g = globals()
print(g["x"])

try:
    print(g["y"])
except Exception as e:
    print(e)

g["y"] = 20
print(y)
print(g["y"])

print("====================")
print(hash("abc"))
print(hash((1, 2, 3)))

try:
    print(hash([1, 2]))
except Exception as e:
    print(e)

print("====================")
print(hex(255))
print(hex(-42))

print("====================")
a = [1, 2]
print(id(a))
b = a
print(id(b))

print("====================")
# name = input("Name: ")
# print(name)

print("====================")
n = int("1011", 2)
print(n)
print(int.from_bytes(b"\x01\x00", "big"))
print(int.from_bytes(b"\x00\x01", "little"))
print((256).to_bytes(2, "big"))
print((256).to_bytes(2, "little"))

print("====================")
print(isinstance(3, int))
print(issubclass(bool, int))  # 注意和cpython是不同的, mpy不是sub class

print("====================")


def test():
    a = 1
    b = 2
    print(locals())


# 有bug，触发递归异常了
# test()

print("====================")


def square(x):
    return x * x


nums = [1, 2, 3, 4]
result = map(square, nums)
print(list(result))

print("====================")
print(max([1, 2, 3]))
print(max("a", "b", "c"))
print(min("hello"))

try:
    print(max([]))
except Exception as e:
    print(e)

print("====================")
it = iter([10, 20])
print(next(it))
print(next(it))

try:
    print(next(it))
except Exception as e:
    print(e)

print("====================")
print(list(range(5)))
print(list(range(2, 8, 2)))
print(3 in range(1, 4))

print("====================")
print(list(reversed([1, 2, 3])))
print(list(reversed(range(3))))

print("====================")
print(round(3.1415926, 2))
print(round(3.5))
print(round(2.5))

print("====================")
s = set([1, 2, 2, 3])
print(s)
print(2 in s)
s.add(4)
print(s)

print("====================")
print(sorted([3, 1, 4, 1, 5]))
print(sorted("micro", key=ord, reverse=True))


class Math:
    @staticmethod
    def add(a, b):
        return a + b


print(Math.add(3, 4))